Which element of the mortar is adjusted to increase or decrease range?

The elevation of a mortar is the key element adjusted to increase or decrease range. This adjustment affects the angle at which the round is fired; by elevating the tube, the round launches at a higher trajectory, allowing it to reach greater distances. Conversely, lowering the elevation angle will decrease the range, as the projectile will travel along a flatter trajectory and land closer to the launch point.

The functionality of the elevation adjustment is crucial in mortar employment, as the correct angle ensures the munition impacts the target accurately. Mortar systems typically have graduated markings that help operators set the desired elevation for specific ranges and target distances.

While the baseplate provides stability and support for the mortar during firing, it does not influence the firing angle or range. The fuse is important for detonation timing upon impact but does not affect the projectile's range. The sight aids in aiming but does not adjust the angle of fire itself, which is primarily done through the elevation mechanism.